This task involves investigating how microgravity affects conventional synthesis techniques like chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), and liquid-phase exfoliation, which typically rely on gravity-dependent processes such as diffusion and convection. The goal is to understand how microgravity influences crystal growth, defect formation, interlayer stacking, and structural integrity. This knowledge will inform how these synthesis methods might be optimized or adapted for space-based manufacturing to achieved

This task focuses on exploring and validating the feasibility of synthesizing 2D materials, such as graphene, using extraterrestrial regolith as feedstock on lunar or Martian surfaces. Given the uncertain impact of the regolith’s chemical composition on catalytic growth, exfoliation efficiency, or purity of resulting materials, experimental work is needed. This task aims to assess whether local resources can viably produce quality 2D materials, reducing dependence on Earth-supplied resources and facilitating self-sustaining, long-duration missions​ desired structural and electronic properties in synthesized materials​.